The recent ceasefire agreement has paved the way for the reconstruction of Gaza, a region devastated by over fifteen months of conflict. However, this task is fraught with difficulties, primarily stemming from political instability and the absence of a clear leadership to oversee the rebuilding efforts. Gaza, already struggling with poverty before the war, now faces immense challenges, with widespread destruction leaving the territory in ruins. An estimated $80 billion in damages has been incurred, with over two-thirds of the buildings reduced to rubble.

In addition to the physical devastation, Gaza's essential services are in a dire state. Water distribution systems are functioning at just a quarter of their pre-war capacity, and vital infrastructure, such as hospitals, schools, and mosques, has been destroyed. The World Health Organization has warned that at least $10 billion will be required to restore a functioning healthcare system. The scale of the devastation makes the task of rebuilding appear insurmountable, compounded by the severe shortage of resources.

The question of who will lead the reconstruction efforts is critical. The Palestinian Authority (PA), led by Mahmoud Abbas, has expressed its readiness to take responsibility for Gaza, despite its strained financial position. However, the PA’s exclusion from the recent ceasefire agreement and its limited capacity to finance large-scale rebuilding projects have raised concerns. With its resources depleted, the PA has been unable to provide even basic services to its own population, leaving it in a precarious situation.

Hamas, which has controlled Gaza since 2007, remains the de facto governing body of the region. While Hamas continues to manage daily life and distribute international aid, its control of Gaza presents significant challenges for any potential reconstruction effort. Israel’s opposition to empowering the PA in Gaza only deepens the uncertainty, as Israeli officials fear that a stronger PA presence could pave the way for a broader Palestinian state.

Ultimately, the future of Gaza’s reconstruction hinges on resolving this political impasse. Without a clear leadership and a unified approach, it is difficult to envision a path forward. International donors remain hesitant, unsure of whom they will be supporting, and whether their investments will be destroyed in another round of conflict. As the people of Gaza wait for a glimpse of hope, the question of leadership and legitimacy remains the greatest obstacle to recovery.