Why Gaza's Future Remains Unclear Despite the Israel-Hamas Ceasefire Agreement

Despite the announcement of a ceasefire and hostage-for-prisoner exchange agreement between Israel and Hamas, the governance of Gaza post-conflict remains unresolved. Both Israel and the United States, along with the Palestinian Authority, reject any scenario where Hamas plays a role in governing Gaza. However, while Hamas has been weakened by Israeli military actions, it has not been eliminated, leaving uncertainty over future control.

Negotiators in Doha reached an agreement on a ceasefire and prisoner exchange, but the deal, yet to be approved by Israel’s cabinet, does not address Gaza’s long-term governance. The absence of this critical issue in the agreement raises concerns about potential renewed tensions, even as the ceasefire is expected to take effect on Sunday.The Israeli government is deeply divided over Gaza’s future.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who has vowed to destroy Hamas, opposes the group’s return to power. Some far-right ministers, such as Bezalel Smotrich, have proposed re-establishing a Jewish civilian presence in Gaza, while others suggest continued military oversight.

Defense Minister Yoav Gallant proposed a plan for Israeli forces to retain operational control in Gaza, echoing the West Bank model, while excluding the Palestinian Authority from governance—a stance that conflicts with U.S. calls for its involvement.Netanyahu has dismissed proposals for an Arab coalition to govern Gaza, insisting that such a scenario is unrealistic without the complete eradication of Hamas.